Nature Immunology Contents: December 2013 Volume 14 pp 1199 - 1304

Advertisement ========================================= A*STAR Research - Highlighting the best of research at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore's premier research organization  Recent Highlights Immunology: Personalized vaccines edge closer | Genetics: Different regions, different genetic risk factors The latest print edition of A*STAR Research is now available! ========================================= TABLE OF CONTENTS December 2013 Volume 14, Issue 12 Research Highlights Commentary News and Views Review Articles Addendum Advertisement   Professor Martin Klotz talks to us about what excites him about Microbiology, why he joined Frontiers in Microbiology as our Field Chief Editor, and where he sees the field going. Read our interview with Professor Klotz Subscribe   Facebook   RSS   Recommend to library   Twitter   Advertisement Nature Immunology  FOCUS ON TISSUE-RESIDENT LEUKOCYTES Tissue-resident immune cells communicate with resident stromal cells to patrol and monitor against infection and tissue damage. Nature Immunology presents five specially commissioned Reviews that discuss interactions and functions of tissue-resident leukocytes within nonlymphoid tissues during healthy steady state, upon infection and within tumor environments.    Research Highlights Top A quiet place | SNPs for disease prognosis | Help for helminths | Thymic B cells | DAG sets threshold | Zinc deprivation Commentary Top Job-search basics: a scientific approach to interviewing   pp1199 - 1201 Derek Haseltine and James Gould doi:10.1038/ni.2748 Successful interviewing can be best attributed to a combination of careful research and preparation, along with the ability to connect with employers on a personal level and demonstrate value. News and Views Top Loss of translation: a stealth weapon against pathogens?   pp1203 - 1205 Philippe Pierre and Evelina Gatti doi:10.1038/ni.2759 Various receptors alert cells to microbial invasion through the detection of conserved molecular patterns and initiate innate immunity. During infection with Legionella pneumophila, macrophages modulate cytokine responses by downregulating protein synthesis according to the pathogenic potential of the intruder. See also: Article by Ivanov & Roy Influenza vaccines: mTOR inhibition surprisingly leads to protection   pp1205 - 1207 Andrew J McMichael and Barton F Haynes doi:10.1038/ni.2764 Mice immunized with influenza virus in the presence of rapamycin, which blocks the formation of germinal centers, make mostly IgM antibodies that protect against infection with multiple subtypes of influenza virus, including avian viruses. See also: Article by Keating et al. Kinases conquer the inflammasomes   pp1207 - 1208 Konstantin Neumann and Jurgen Ruland doi:10.1038/ni.2763 Inflammasomes are signaling platforms of the innate immune system that activate proinflammatory cytokines after microbial pathogens are sensed or sterile danger is detected. The kinases Syk and Jnk control inflammasome activation by mediating phosphorylation of the inflammasome adaptor ASC. See also: Article by Hara et al. A HESitant decision for T cells   pp1209 - 1210 Alexandra Bortnick and Cornelis Murre doi:10.1038/ni.2765 Precursor cells entering the thymus have non-T cell potential, yet T cell development is clearly favored. A mechanism dedicated to repressing conflicting myeloid cell fate early during the establishment of T cell identity has now been found. See also: Article by De Obaldia et al. Immunology JOBS of the week Postdoctoral Appointee - Immunology Sandia National Laboratories Postdoctoral fellow in mucosal immunology and microbiome University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Postdoctoral Scientist / Immunology New York University (NYU) Medical Center Postdoctoral Fellow (Tumour Immunology) National University of Singapore, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore Assistant Profesor for an Immunology Laboratory Hokkaido University More Science jobs from Immunology EVENT The Immunology of Ageing 24.02.14 London, UK More science events from Review Top A rheostat for immune responses: the unique properties of PD-1 and their advantages for clinical application   pp1212 - 1218 Taku Okazaki, Shunsuke Chikuma, Yoshiko Iwai, Sidonia Fagarasan and Tasuku Honjo doi:10.1038/ni.2762 Articles Top Pathogen signatures activate a ubiquitination pathway that modulates the function of the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTOR   pp1219 - 1228 Stanimir S Ivanov and Craig R Roy doi:10.1038/ni.2740 Discriminating between harmless and pathogenic bacteria is a key challenge faced by the immune system. Ivanov and Roy demonstrate that virulent bacteria disrupt mTOR signaling, which then skews responses towards inflammatory cytokine production. See also: News and Views by Pierre & Gatti Specification of type 2 innate lymphocytes by the transcriptional determinant Gfi1   pp1229 - 1236 Chauncey J Spooner, Justin Lesch, Donghong Yan, Aly A Khan, Alex Abbas et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2743 Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) provide early immune responses to helminthes and contribute to allergic inflammation. Singh and colleagues show that the transcription factor Gfi1 controls the development, activation and specification of ILC2 cells. ELF4 is critical for induction of type I interferon and the host antiviral response   pp1237 - 1246 Fuping You, Penghua Wang, Long Yang, Guang Yang, Yang O Zhao et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2756 Induction of type I interferon is a central event of antiviral immune responses. Fikrig and colleagues show that the transcription factor ELF4 is recruited by STING and translocates to the nucleus to control transcription of type I interferon genes. Phosphorylation of the adaptor ASC acts as a molecular switch that controls the formation of speck-like aggregates and inflammasome activity   pp1247 - 1255 Hideki Hara, Kohsuke Tsuchiya, Ikuo Kawamura, Rendong Fang, Eduardo Hernandez-Cuellar et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2749 The adaptor ASC is required for caspase-1 activation via the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Mitsuyama and colleagues show that signaling dependent on the kinases Syk and Jnk controls ASC speck formation through ASC phosphorylation. See also: News and Views by Neumann & Ruland The HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 impairs B cell proliferation by inducing TGF-β1 production and FcRL4 expression   pp1256 - 1265 Katija Jelicic, Raffaello Cimbro, Fatima Nawaz, Da Wei Huang, Xin Zheng et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2746 Antibody responses are impaired during HIV-1 infection. Cicala and colleagues show that the HIV-1 glycoprotein gp120 directly impairs B cell function by promoting expression of TGF-β and the inhibitory receptor FcRL4. The kinase mTOR modulates the antibody response to provide cross-protective immunity to lethal infection with influenza virus   pp1266 - 1276 Rachael Keating, Tomer Hertz, Marie Wehenkel, Tarsha L Harris, Benjamin A Edwards et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2741 Influenza viruses are highly variable, which complicates vaccine strategies to protect against emerging viruses. McGargill and colleagues show that blocking the mTORC1 complex skews antibody responses to more conserved epitopes, thereby producing heterosubtypic protection. See also: News and Views by McMichael & Haynes T cell development requires constraint of the myeloid regulator C/EBP-α by the Notch target and transcriptional repressor Hes1   pp1277 - 1284 Maria Elena De Obaldia, J Jeremiah Bell, Xinxin Wang, Christelle Harly, Yumi Yashiro-Ohtani et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2760 Hematopoietic deficiency in the Notch target Hes1 results in severe defects in the T cell lineage. Bhandoola and colleagues show that Hes1 constrains myeloid gene-expression programs in T cell progenitors. See also: News and Views by Bortnick & Murre Transcriptional downregulation of S1pr1 is required for the establishment of resident memory CD8+ T cells   pp1285 - 1293 Cara N Skon, June-Yong Lee, Kristin G Anderson, David Masopust, Kristin A Hogquist et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2745 Jameson and colleagues show that the establishment of resident memory CD8+ T cells in nonlymphoid tissues requires transcriptional downregulation of the trafficking molecule S1P1, mediated by induced loss of the transcription factor KLF2. See also: Article by Mackay et al. The developmental pathway for CD103+CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells of skin   pp1294 - 1301 Laura K Mackay, Azad Rahimpour, Joel Z Ma, Nicholas Collins, Angus T Stock et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2744 Long-lived tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) confer fast, robust protection after pathogen rechallenge. Gebhardt and colleagues show that skin TRM cells arise from KLRG1- cells that differentiate in situ in response to IL-15 and TGF-β. See also: Article by Skon et al. Addendum Top IgE+ memory B cells and plasma cells generated through a germinal-center pathway   pp1302 - 1304 Oezcan Talay, Donghong Yan, Hans D Brightbill, Elizabeth E M Straney, Meijuan Zhou et al. doi:10.1038/ni.2770 Top Advertisement Nature Methods  COLLECTION ON LIGHT-SHEET MICROSCOPY  The use of a planar sheet of light for illumination in light-sheet fluorescence microscopy allows researchers to image sample volumes faster than is possible with other current methods, while limiting light dosage. A collection of articles from Nature Methods, Nature Communications and Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology provides a brief overview of this exciting imaging technology and the biological research applications that it makes possible. Produced with support from:  Carl Zeiss Microscopy   Natureevents is a fully searchable, multi-disciplinary database designed to maximise exposure for events organisers. 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